Year: 2021, Number: 2, Pages: 121-133
Bolonsky Nature Reserve is organized in 1997. It is located in the southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory, in the northeastern part of the Middle Amur Lowland, in the basin of the relict Lake Bolon’ and in the interfluve of the lower reaches of the rivers Simmi, Selgon, Kharpi; it has an area of 103.6 thousand ha. According to the Ramsar Convention, Lake Bolon’ is included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. The relief of the reserve is longitudinally hollow, residually floodplain. Over 90 % of its territory is occupied by river floodplains, deltas and swamps. The maximum height does not exceed 30 m above sea level. The climate of the region is continental with monsoon features. The coldest month of the year is January (average air temperature is 29 °C), the warmest is July (average temperature +20 °C); More than 90 % of precipitation falls during the warm season. Soils are meadow-boggy, moory and alluvial. Meadow vegetation and grass fens are widely represented. Forest vegetation is presented on reels. The most characteristic species are marsh horsetail, adder-spit, pine purple grass, narrow-leaved bluegrass, aspen, dusky willow, Mongolian oak, Daurian birch and morass-weed. The fauna of the reserve includes representatives of the Manchu, Bering, Angara and Daurian-Mongolian faunistic complexes, and species widely represented both in the Palearctic and Holarctic. The fauna of the reserve is rich in birds, the common of which are gray heron, great cormorant, scray, and black-headed gull. There is a brown bear, a red deeran, an European red deer and a wild boar; there is a Siberian striped weasel, a fox, a raccoon dog, a siberian roe deer, an otter, a muskrat, a silver Prussian carp, an Amur pike, various species of Lepidoptera, midges, buzzer, caddis flies, mayflies, etc.