Year: 2018, Number: 3, Pages: 115-137
The article is devoted to the development of the principles of the algorithmic theory of evolution (ATE). At the beginning of the work, it is stated that the processes of unification, integration and generalization of biological theories from the emergence of the synthetic evolution theory, through the evolution evolution formulation (EvoDevo), to the emergence of the concepts of extended evolutionary synthesis and ec ological evolutionary biology (EES / EcoEvoDevo), are irreversible, theory of semantic information. In the first section, Exodus from Cantor's Paradise," the dramatic division of mathematicians into sects of logicians, intuitivists, formalists and constructivists, the emergence of the theory of algorithms and the theory of categories and functors, the inevitable complication of the mathematical apparatus with the depth of generalization and the universalization of physical theories is demonstrated, that for the creation of mathematical biology it is necessary to expand the basis of mathematical concepts, including in it theories of categories and functors, topos, algorithms, research Anya in the field of artificial intelligence and artificial neural network. At the end of the section, the process of the mathematization of biology and the inverse influence of biology on mathematics are discussed in the development of stochastic optimization algorithms using metaphorical metaheuristics of clearly biological origin. The second section is devoted to a brief presentation of the fundamentals of the replicator-ethological theory of semantic information (RETSI), and the third — to the formulation of the principles of ATE. In terms of constructive mathematics, definitions of the constructive object and algorithm are given and, to include the theory of algorithms in the mathematical basis of theoretical biology, it is proposed to reinterpret the theory of algorithms built for computational algorithms into the theory of regulatory algorithms, a particular case of which are control algorithms. For this, it is necessary 1) to abandon the accuracy and uniqueness of the algorithm; 2) allow along with the existence of computational algorithms of regulatory algorithms; 3) recognize the obvious fact of the existence of constructive objects of the material world. This process can begin with the replacement of single-valued functions and mapping with correspondences, convert as a set of binary relations into fuzzy sets, and supplement the computational processes with real, empirical processes. As a result, mathematics will follow physics and merge with natural science. The Turing-Post thesis applied to the biological replicator will be reduced to the obvious statement that to each potentially viable complete set of regulatory algorithms there corresponds an equivalent organism, Church's thesis, according to which the class of functions computable with the help of algorithms coincides with the class of partially recursive functions is transformed into the trivial statement on the quasi-closedness of the metabolic processes of the organism, and the K. Gödel’s theorems on the incompleteness of formal systems will turn into a statement of facts 1) the principle any imperfection of any functional system; impossibility of the existence of an ideal organism; 2) the inevitability of the emergence of hierarchically higher regulatory algorithms, and 3) the inevitability of species divergence in the process of biological evolution. From the fact that the algorithm itself is a constructive object, it follows that we can consider algorithms from algorithms, that is, to describe in a natural way the emergence of hierarchical levels of information processing. The main thesis of the ATE is to assert that the connection between the replicator and the functional system can be established within the framework of algorithmic information theory of Kolmogorov, RETSI is responsible for the relationship of the organism with the environment, and the ATE should synthesize both approaches. But, if the ontogenesis is the main object of evolution of multicellular ones, and ontogeny represents the realization of chemical algorithms of self-organization, then the entire biological evolution will be reduced to the evolution of ontogeny algorithms. It is possible to strengthen this thesis by saying that in the pre-information period of the existence of the universe, when the replicators did not yet appear, the evolution of the universe was determined by algorithms in the form of conservation laws, immanent to the space-time-matter complex and embodied in its symmetries. Then the whole evolution of the universe, inorganic, biological and social world will turn out to be an evolution of algorithms, which justifies the term ATE and allows us to rethink J. Wheeler's thesis "It from bit". The last, fourth section of the article talks about the completion of the epistemic program of Pythagoras-Plato on the measurement and study of the universe, the ultimate goal of which was comprehension of the Demiurge's intentions and the substantiation of the natural scientific thesis: "there were no teleological intentions, no, and could not be."