Year: 2021, Number: 4, Pages: 122-134
Landscape genomics is an emerging field of research. It focuses on identifying environmental factors that shape adaptive genetic variability and gene variants that drive local adaptation. This review summarizes basic principles and approaches of landscape genomics based on modern high-throughput genomic sequencing and environmental data methods. The review presents examples of using landscape genomics for assessing neutral and adaptive variability of the genome and a better understanding of evolutionary processes in populations of plants and animals, as well as understanding distribution and dynamics of pathogens in a heterogeneous environment. Other examples include predicting habitat shifts in a changing climate, effective management and conservation of biodiversity, and environmental health restoration in natural and anthropogenic landscapes.